At the writing of the Constitution, many of the smaller states were concerned that their interests would not be heard due to the influence of the larger states, so 10 amendments to the Constitution were added to address the concerns of smaller states. They became pillars of our democracy. We will first look at the First Amendment–Freedom of expression and religion. “Congtress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thererof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.”

Ok, there is to be no state religion but people can have freedom of religion and likewise to have no religion. People can say what they want with limitations. “Can’t shout fire in a crowded theatre.” Cannot slander someone; but we can criticize government and can challenge politicians. To paraphrase Thomas Jefferson; ” I may disagree with what you say but will defend with my life your right to say it.” A free press is absolutely necessary to protect our freedom and democracy. Freedom of the press is one of the first targets of autocrats and the press becomes one of the first targets when they are trying to overthrow our democracy. Former President Donald Trump constantly attacked the press and will try to suppress the press if he is elected again. The people have the right to protest and demonstrate peaceably. When Chinese citizens assembled in Tiananmen Square(1989) to demonstrate peaceably for democratic reform, the Chinese government sent in troops and a massacre followed. No one knows how many died but estimates are more than 1,000 died. Even today to publish or discuss the incident is a crime and punishable by incarceration. Finally, we have the right to petition our government. Recent issues in Ohio include the petition and successful overturning of Senate bill 5, and passing of an amendment to Ohio’s constitution granting women the right to have an abortion. Currently on the ballot in November 2024 Ohio voters will be able to get rid of gerrymandering. This is important to correct excessive attacks on rights of Ohioans. The First Amendment is a corner stone of our democracy. Next we will look at the Second Ammendment–one that is constantly inthe news.